西美尔宗教思想概观

在西美尔的思想体系中,"宗教性"是宗教的本质和内核。不同于实体宗教,"宗教性"既是宗教灵魂的基本存在,也是一种社会精神结构。在西美尔看来,整合性功能是宗教和社会的重要内容,而宗教整合性又是社会整合性的绝对形式。西美尔认为:"宗教生活和社会生活之间最深刻的形式关系就在于,个体作为其集体成员的属性永远都是有限规定和个人自由的某种混合。"面对宗教的现代困境,西美尔指出,只有对个体宗教生命本身的回归,才能超越信仰主体与信仰对象之间的二元对立,实现灵魂的拯救。

An Overview of Simmel's Religious Thinking

In Simmel＇s thinking system, religiousness is the nature and core of religion. Different from religion, religiousness is not only the basic existing form of soul but also a kind of social spiritual structure. In Simmel＇ s opinion, integration function plays a key role in religion and society, whereas religious integration is the absolute form of social integration. Simmel argues that＂the relationship between religious life and social life is that individuals＇ collaborative nature refers to the blend of limited provision and individual freedom＂. Facing the modern religious plight, Simmel points out that only a return to religious life it- self can we surpass the binary opposition of religious subjects and objects and save the soul.