“质料”与“形式”：现代教育哲学辨析

中国传统教育所教授的是儒家的思想观点,其教育哲学所强调的是＂质料＂;古希腊教育注重的则是并不包含具体思想观点的辩证法与逻辑,其教育哲学所强调的是＂形式＂。＂质料＂与＂形式＂的差别不仅是中西教育的根本差别,也是中西传统知识状态的差别所在：前者和王权结盟,而后者则基本保持独立。进入现代语境之后,中国现代文化理念体系决定了中国现代教育哲学必然从＂质料＂转向＂形式＂,将学生＂思辨能力＂的培养置于教育的核心地位。

Philosophy of Modern Education

The traditional Chinese education focuses on the teaching of the thoughts of Confucianism,whose philosophy emphasizes ＂the substance＂. In the meanwhile,the philosophy of ancient Greek education stresses＂the form＂,as it highlights on the teaching of dialectics and logic that does not express concrete viewpoints. The difference between the substance and form indicates not only the basic divergence between the Chinese and Western education,but also that between the traditional Chinese and Western learning systems： the education was closely bound to the political power while the latter was independent. In the modern era,the cultural value system developed in China has determined that the philosophy of modern Chinese education must shift from ＂the substance＂to ＂the form＂. Thus,the students＇ analytical capability rather than the memorization of concrete viewpoints should be the most highlighted.