西方政党政治中的利益集团、政党腐败及其治理

政党政治是西方民主政治的重要组成部分,是政治民主化的发展成果。政党的社会整合能力削弱,导致了西方政治过程中利益集团作为一支强大的力量强势崛起,并通过政治献金、游说向执政党施加压力,以期将集团的利益诉求通过执政党和政府的公共政策制定合法化。政党与利益集团的媾和促成了权力与利益的互换,政党腐败滋生,腐蚀和瓦解着当前政治体制,耗竭政党的社会基础与执政资源,威胁政党政治的生命。为此,只有完善政党与利益集团自身的组织规范,实现对政党权力的约束;改变单一的政党经费筹集方式,增强竞选经费使用的透明度;建立开放与多元竞争的公共政策制定机制,实现公共政策的利益均衡,构筑明确的权力与利益边界,才能重构政党与利益集团的关系,消减政党与利益集团的不正当交易,遏制腐败的发生。

Interest Groups,Party Corruption and Its Solution in Western Party Politics

Party politics is an important integral part of western democratic system, and is a consequence of political de mocratization. The weakness of political parties＇ social integrative capability has brought the emergence of interest groups＇ as a powerful force in western political process. Interest groups try to inflict pressure on ruling parties through political donation and lobbying, so as to legalize their partial demands by public policy. The intrigues between political parties and interest groups lead to swaps of power and interest, and bring corruption of political parties, which makes the current political system decay and collapse, exhausts political parties＇ social basis and ruling resources and threatens the parties＇ life. As a result, it is necessary to control parties＇ power by improve political parties＇ and interest groups＇ organizational norms. These include changing the single fundraising methods of political parties and improving the trans parency of using the campaigning fund, establishing an open and multiple competitive public policy-making system to re alize a balance between different interest groups, setting an explicit boundary between power and interest. By all methods above, we can reconstruct the relationship between political parties and interest groups, reduce inappropriate bargains be- tween them, and control corruption.