试论东汉时期的盐铁政策与商品经济的发展

东汉时期是实行什么样的盐铁政策?由于史料记载不详,学术界有较大的分歧。细考史料,我们认为东汉初期仍实行的是盐铁专卖政策,只不过由于诸多原因而使政府对盐铁专卖的控制有所放松,而且民间也有大量非法的私营盐铁商存在;直到章帝时期,汉政府又全面加强了盐铁的专卖政策,民间私营盐铁商遭到严厉的打击;自和帝起,汉政府废除了盐铁的专卖政策而实行民营征税制度,但政府专卖也仍然存在,一直到东汉末年。在此基础上,商品经济继西汉之后,一直在低谷中徘徊。

TENTATIVE STUDY ON THE POLICY OF SALT AND IRON AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMODITY ECONOMY IN THE EASTERN HAN DYNASTY

What was the policy of salt and iron in the early period of the Easternr Han Dynasty? There are considerably different viewpoints in the academic world because of lack of historical data. After thoroughly studying the historical materials, we find that the Eastern Han government still carried out the salt and iron monopoly in its early stage.In the period of Emperor Zhang,the government tightened its control on the salt and iron monopoly again. From the time of Emperor He, the government abolished the salt and iron monopoly and practiced the policy of salt and iron and taxes, but the governmental monopoly was still on. Commodity economy in the Eastern Han Dynasty continued to struggle at a lower level all the time after the Western Han Dynasty.