清代云南矿厂的帮派组织剖析--以大理府云龙州白羊厂为例

对矿厂资源的争夺是引发咸丰同治年间汉回矛盾和社会大动荡的主要原因之一。通过对云南大学图书馆收藏的白羊厂汉械斗的原始档案材料提供的数据和事实的分析说明,清朝"放本收铜"政策刺激起来的云南铜业畸形发展是以大量劳动力的虚耗为代价的,致使矿厂积累了大量的非生产人员;而产权的混乱则使组织帮派、依仗暴力实现或维持对资源的占有成为在矿厂进行生产的必要条件,由此而导致了矿厂生产活动、社会组织、基层政权的帮派化和持续不断的帮派争斗。

An Analysis of the Factions in Yunnan Mines in the Qing Dynasty: A Case Study of Baiyangchang

The fighting for mineral resources was the key ca use of the social disturbance and the Han-Hui conflict in the Xianfeng-Tongzhi P eriod. Through a study of the data concerning the armed conflicts between the Ha ns and the Huis at Baiyangchang which are housed at the library of Yunnan Univer sity, the author has reached the following conclusion: the lopsided development of Yunnan copper industry, encouraged by the unreasonable policy of the Qing Dyn asty, was based on a waste of much labor-force, which resulted in many non-produ ctive workers, while the unclear ownership inevitably led to the possession of m ineral resources through violence by related factions. As a result, different fa ctions engaged themselves constantly in fighting for the control of the producti ve activities and the social and political organizations at the grass-roots leve l.