腐败经历与腐败感知:基于调查实验与直接提问的双重检验

本文采用“列举实验法”来解决测量腐败经历时的社会意愿偏差问题,提出两个核心发现：与没有腐败经历的个体相比,有过腐败经历的个体会更倾向于认为政府是腐败的,同时认为政府的反腐败能力更弱,对政府的反腐败满意度也更低;腐败经历对腐败感知的影响在不同层级的政府中有差异,与中央政府相比,腐败经历对地方政府的腐败感知和反腐败评价影响更强烈。民众可以绕过间接因素直接获得对腐败的认知,因此,要改善民众对政府腐败和反腐败的主观态度,提升获得感,仅仅靠舆论和宣传是不够的,只有切实解决与老百姓生活密切的腐败问题,才能真正赢得反腐败的胜利。

Corruption Experience and Corruption Perceptions:Comparing Evidence from List Experiment and Direct Questioning

From 2012, Chinese government initiated a brand new anticorruption crackdown. This time, Chinese people witnessed a very different anticorruption campaign both from enforcement and institutional design. How does Chinese citizen evaluate this new anticorruption crackdown? In conventional wisdom, scholars mainly utilize two indirect factors to explain corruption perceptions and evaluation of anticorruption:information access and personal economic status. In this paper, we examine the perceptions and attitudes of Chinese citizens towards the government's effort to fight corruption. Specifically, we focus on the "corruption experience", defined as citizens' engagement of gift-giving toward government officials for private considering. We assume that, comparing to the respondents without any experience of corruption,the one who has experienced corruption, could perceived government more corrupt and has weaker capacity to control corruption. Our measurement of corruption experience is based on list experiment survey questionnaires to solving social desirability bias problem. The findings suggest that corruption experience may exert considerable influence over an individual's view of corruption and anticorruption endeavor of Chinese government. Our findings further reveal that the corruption experience's impact is various between local and central government.