历史与现实:中日海权战略之比较

日本近代海权战略形成于明治维新之际,发展于甲午战争和日俄战争之时,发达于两次世界大战期间。中国近代海权战略萌芽于鸦片战争之后,觉醒于甲午战争之后,成熟于辛亥革命之际。中日两国近代海权理论发展的非对称性,决定了两国在海防战略、海军发展战略、制海权战略等方面的分野,并直接导致了中国在甲午战争和抗日战争两次海战中的受挫。21世纪是海洋世纪,中国要想成为海洋强国必须对近代海权战略做全面反思。本文通过中日近代海权战略的比较,总结经验教训,对于中国未来海权战略的制定有着深远的启示意义。

History and Reality : A Comparison of Chinese and Japanese Sea Power Strategy

Modern Japanese sea power strategy was formed in the Meiji Restoration time,developed in the period of Jiawu Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War and matured during the First and Second world wars.Chinese modern strategy of sea power originated from the Opium war,awakened in the Jiawu Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895,matured in the revolution of 1911.The non symmetry of Chinese and Japanese modern sea power theory and the lack of consciousness of sea power in modern China,predominated the difference of two countries’s coast defence strategy,naval development strategy and marine supremacy strategy.It led China to be defeated in naval battles during the Jiawu Sino-Japanese War and the war of resistance against Japan.The twenty-first Century is the century of ocean.China can not be dispensed with an overall reflection of modern sea power strategy if it wants to be a major marine power.Comparing the Chinese and Japanese modern sea power strategy and summing up experiences and lessons,there would have profound significance for China in formulating marine power strategy in future.