自杀研究:困境表述、理论检视与进路转换

高自杀率的客观现实需要研究者正视并关怀我国的自杀问题。研究现状的不足主要是研究者缺乏对自杀现象的意义理解,以及缺乏对自杀现象的区域差异的解释。自杀研究的心理学或精神病学的理论传统忽视自杀的社会因素,将自杀的社会当作高度同质性的实在来处理无法完成理解自杀现象的区域差异的使命。自杀研究的实证社会学理论传统无法逾越作为个体的自杀与作为整体的自杀率之间的鸿沟,过于倚重统计数字的研究方式使其容易落入＂统计自杀＂的窠臼,而脱离了日常生活中的＂经验自杀＂。从人文主义社会学传统出发,将自杀行动作为分析单位,建构自杀行动的理想类型,并借此理解自杀行动的社会意义,进而理解自杀的区域差异当能弥补当前研究的不足,并开辟新的自杀研究空间。

Suicide Research:Dilemma Expression, Theory Inspection and Path Transformation

The objective reality of high suicide rate in China needs researchers to face and concern this suicide issue.The shortage of current research shows researchers were lack of understanding the social meaning of suicide and the district difference.The pshychological theory tradition that omitted the social causes of suicide and took the suicide society as a homogeneous reality could not accomplish the duty to understand the district difference of suicide.The sociological positivism theory could not overcome the dilemma between the individual suicide and the whole suicide rate,and what＇s more,this theory tradition that paid more attention to the statistic made it be easy to entrap the ＂statistic suicide＂ and separate itself from the ＂empirical suicide＂ in our daily life.If we apply the sociological humanism tradition to take suicide action as an analysis unit and construct ideal types to understand the social meaning of suicide and the district difference of suicide,we will make up recent research shortage and open up new area to study the suicide.