“以意逆志”论——中国传统文学释义方式的现代审视

“以意逆志”是孟子提出的一个有关文学释义的纲领性理论命题。围绕这个纲领性的理论命题 ,中国古代的文论家和批评家对文学解释活动中释义者与释义对象之间的关系以及文学释义的具体途径进行了深入而辩证的探讨 :既充分尊重接受者和释义者的主体意识———“意” ,又强调文学解释活动最终不能背离对作者和作品原意———“志”的理解和把握 ,同时还把文学解释活动看成是释义者之“意”与释义对象之“志”通过“逆”的方式相互交融而形成新的意义的过程。“以意逆志”的文学释义方式比较好地解决了西方释义学理论无法解决的某些理论难题 ,其中所蕴涵的文学解释学思想在今天仍然有着重要的意义和价值。

Theory of Reader's Interpretation against Writer's: a New Look at the Traditional Interpretation of Chinese Literature

The theory of reader's interpretation against writer's was put forward by Mencius. Based upon this theory, Chinese ancient critics of literature discussed thoroughly the relationship between interpreter and interpreted target as well as the ways of literature interpretation. These discussions, on one hand, encouraged different interpretations of literature, and on the other hand, discouraged betrayal of writer's real sense. Meanwhile, literature was thought of as a process of new meaning created through reader's interpretation against writer's. This way of interpretation can effectively solve some of the problems that the western interpreters feel difficult.