略论《二十四诗品》的意象批评模式

意象批评是我国古代文学批评方法中最具民族特色的一种,其传统模式是"人物品题"式的,针对的是某一个或几个特定的诗人或作家.《二十四诗品》的出现突破了这一传统模式,它以四言诗的形式,并大多以境界显现辅之以抽象议论的方法展示诗歌的风格类型,揭示其构思的方法和规律,具有很高的理论价值.就文学批评文本而论,《二十四诗品》中的意象之丰富多彩是空前的,其中融合着作者的主观情感及现实感受,寄寓着作者的生活理想,抒情意味十分浓郁;而其各品是依照道的运行规律有序地排列起来的,颇含道家哲理,有相当一部分甚至可以归入哲理诗的范畴,具有很高的审美价值.

On the Image Critical Method Used in Twenty-four Poetic Styles

Of all the literary critical methods in ancient China, image criticism is one with the most distinctive national features. It shows abstract styles with images. It is usually used when image critics find it difficult to express their literary thought with abstract concepts. Its traditional form represents character appraisal in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, aiming at the literary works of one or some poets or authors. Breaking through the traditional form, Twenty-four Poetic Styles demonstrates the poetic styles and the conceiving methods and laws by means of four-characters-in-one-line poetry and mostly by adopting the form of artistic conception complemented with abstract comments. Its theoretical value proves very high. In terms of literary critic text, it is lyrical and rich in image, containing the author's subjective emotions, realistic feelings, mental state, and ideal of life. What is more, the twenty-four poems in the book are arranged in accordance with the Taoist law, and most of them contain Taoist philosophical ideas and quite a few can be regarded as philosophical poems. So, Twenty-four Poetic Styles is of great esthetical value. Its critical methods have exerted a tremendous influence upon literary and artistic criticism of the dynasties to come, especially the Qing Dynasty.