女子“难养”与救赎之“礼”——兼论宗周文化的历史转型

在线性思维与进化史观的影响下,宗周文化中的巫术成分往往被遮蔽,从而导致对相关问题之探讨变成无的放矢。《论语》"唯女子与小人为难养也"之研究几成聚讼,原因亦在于此;重构宗周哲学语境成为解决问题之关键。宗周文化史当划分为两个阶段:周公制礼作乐,道德与巫术并存,人神关系与人人关系并重,此为第一阶段。孔子反思巫术,以"仁"求"礼"探究人情,专注人人关系,此为第二阶段。《诗小序》建构了"妇德无厌,志不可满,凡有情欲,莫不妬忌"的必然世界,此与上博简《孔子诗论》"民性固然"可构成互文关系。女子与小人难养,当指嫉妒而言。周公时代"巫医"不分,孔子则将疗妬之方法,从巫术思维转移到道德自修与制度约束之上;"礼缘人情",化宗教情感于日常伦理;借此孔子完成了对周公制作的文化救赎。

Difficulty in Supporting Women and the Salvation Ceremony --Some Views on Historical Transformation of Zongzhou Culture

Under the influence of linear thinking and evolutionary view of history, witchcraft ingredients in Zongzhou culture tend to be obscured, causing exploration into related issues becoming shooting without the vector. It is also the reason why studies on the＂Analects of Confucius Women and villains are difficulty to support＂ almost turned into controversy. The complete reconstruction of Zongzhou philosophical context becomes the key solve the problems. The history of Zongzhou culture ought to be divided into two stages： In the firstl stage, the Duke of Zhou invented ritual music, moral and witchcraft coexisted, relationship of man and God and that of man and man were equally valued. In the second stage, Confucius reflected on witchcraft and turned to seeking rituals through ＂ benevolence＂, exploring the human relationship and focuing on man and man relationship. The ＂ Poetry Preface＂ constructed an inevitable world of ＂ insatiable feminine virtue goes rather full; where there is lust, everyone will be jealous＂ , which may constitute intertextual relations with the ＂the Nationality of course＂ in the Bamboo Slips of Confucius. of Shanghai Museum. ＂Women and villains are difficult to support＂ should refer to jealousy. In Duke era, witch or witchcraft was not distinguished from doctor or medicine. Confucius transferred treatment of jealousy from the witchcraft method to the above moral self -study and institutional constraints. Confucius ＂Ritual derives from human relationship＂ converted religious sentiment into ordinary course of ethics; by which accomplished the cultural salvation of the Duke invention.