明词视域下重观唐宋词的三种方式

近年来,明词成为词学领域新的学术增长点，在一定程度上得益于唐宋词研究者的持续助力。这从一个侧面反映了唐宋词研究在进入21世纪后面临的诸多困境：文献的完整、知识的密实、经典的稳固、范式的成熟等从多个维度制约了唐宋词研究的活力。事实上，明词作为唐宋金元词在时间上的接续者，是我们在通代视域下重审唐宋词的一个重要参照系。它所积累的知识资源与经验视角有助于我们转换思维方式，重新探究唐宋词研究中仅靠同时代文献无法解决的难题，重新评价唐宋词研究中的一些“平庸”问题，理解并反思现有唐宋词研究话语中的明清词学元素，在最大程度上激发唐宋词研究的活力。

Three Ways of Reviewing Tang and Song Lyrics from the Perspective of Ming Lyrics

Ming lyrics is a trough in the history of Chinese lyrics, yet it becomes a “new developing field” of lyrics studies in the recent twenty years, which is, to a certain degree, a result of the consistent scholarly interest in the Tang-Song lyrics. This is a reflection of the restraint of the Tang-Song lyrics studies in the new century: the limited texts, well-understood knowledge, solidified classics, and matured methodologies. These were to become the obstacles of the vitality of the Tang-Song lyrics studies, so that the scholars move their focus to the Ming-Qing lyrics studies, which is still underdeveloped in regards of the texts, knowledge, classics, and methodologies. Nevertheless, any transformation or adjustment of a scholarly focus does not necessarily indicate a simple pursuit of a new field and a disregard of an old one; it should be a reconsideration how the existing and matured field can be reformed through the pursuit of a new one. In this case, the Ming lyrics, as a continuation of the Tang-Song and Jin-Yuan lyrics, becomes an important factor of reference when we revisit the Tang-Song lyrics from a dynastic perspective. Earlier studies commonly pay attention to the topic of “the decline of the Ming lyrics”; however, the complexity and inclusiveness of the Ming lyrics in its “stylistic characteristics” are the foundations of the Ming lyrical world, and they are also useful in completing our comprehension of the Tang-Song lyrics. On the one hand, from the perspective of the forming of a literary type, the origin of the Tang-Song lyrics can be observed in the Ming lyrics; on the other, from the perspective of development, the vice of Tang-Song lyrics can also be perceived. After twenty-years of development, the Ming lyrics studies has accumulated resources and perspectives, which will facilitate us in changing our ways of thinking, and to re-explore those difficult issues that were not easily understandable based solely on the Tang-Song texts. It will also help us to readjust the position of the Tang-Song lyrics in the entire history of lyrics, evaluating somewhat “common” problems within the Tang-Song lyrics. It is essential to bear in mind that the current understanding of the Tang-Song lyrics are a result of a layered overlapping of the original view of the Tang-Song lyrics, the self-conscious view of the Ming-Qing lyrics, and the modern view of lyrics passed down from the Republican Period. This is to better understand the Ming-Qing lyrical elements embedded in the Tang-Song lyrics studies, and to rediscover the vitality of the Tang-Song lyrics studies.