明代都察院更置时间考论

明史学界对于《明史·职官志》记载的明代都察院更置于洪武十五年的说法,深信不疑。事实上,明清史籍关于明代都察院的更置时间,至少存在洪武十三年、十四年、十五年三种说法。对于洪武十三年说,由于文献存在明显的记载错误,不足为据。在洪武十四年和洪武十五年两种说法之中,运用反证法,考证明代都察院应该是更置于洪武十四年,而非洪武十五年,都察院时最高长官为监察都御史,而不是监察御史。

Textual Research on the Time Change of Ducha Yuan in the Ming Dynasty

The current Ming-history academic circles are firmly convinced that the change of Ducha Yuan(the Censorate) took place in the 15th year during Emperor Hongwu’s reign.Actually,there are 3 versions for the exact time change,namely,the 13th year,the 14th year,and the 15th.A clear documentation mistake renders the time of the 13th year incredible.With the help of apagoge,it is obvious that the real time change happened in the 14th year rather than the 15th year during Emperor Hongwu’s reign.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the executive administrator of Ducha Yuan,the then imperial supervisory institution,is Chief Investigating Censor rather than Chief Imperial Censor.