基于价值认知视角的农村宅基地退出补偿研究——一个源于案例的实证分析

运用前景理论中的价值函数构建理论模型,基于行为经济学实验方法,通过实验与问卷调查开展实证研究,量化农户对宅基地退出补偿过程中损失与收益的价值认知,进而构建一种具有价值认知合理性的宅基地退出补偿标准测度模式。研究发现：（1）不同类型农村的进城落户农户在宅基地退出意愿方面存在显著差异。退出意愿按照经济较发达地区城市近郊农村、经济较发达地区城市远郊农村、经济欠发达地区城市近郊农村、经济欠发达地区城市远郊农村的顺序递减。（2）农户对收益、损失变动均表现出渐弱的敏感性。随着收益的增加,农户的痛苦感会逐渐降低,呈现出边际效用递减的趋势。（3）农户表现出明显的损失厌恶,一定数量货币损失大约需要1.94倍的货币收益才能弥补。（4）具有价值认知合理性的宅基地退出补偿标准并非脱离实际或难以接受,理论上有实现的可能性,但实践中面临双重困境。研究认为,明确合理的进城落户农户宅基地退出的时空安排,更灵活充分地利用城乡建设用地增减挂钩节余指标调剂使用的政策安排,有助于推动进城落户农户的宅基地退出。

Study on Compensation for Rural Residential Land Exit from the Perspective of Value Cognition: An Empirical Analysis of Case Studies

This paper utilizes the value function in prospect theory to construct a theoretical model. Based on the experimental method of behavioral economics, an empirical study is conducted using experiments and questionnaires. The study quantifies the value perceptions of losses and gains in the process of compensation for rural residential land exit among farmers, and then constructs a model for measuring the compensation standard for rural residential land exit with the rationality of value perceptions. The findings are as follows. Firstly, there are significant differences in the willingness of farmers from different rural areas to exit rural residential lands. The willingness to exit decreases in the order of suburban rural areas in economically developed areas, outer suburban rural areas in economically developed areas, suburban rural areas in economically underdeveloped areas, and outer suburban rural areas in economically underdeveloped areas. Secondly, farmers show diminishing sensitivity to changes in both gains and losses. As gains increase, farmers’ sense of pain will gradually decrease, showing a trend of diminishing marginal utility. Thirdly, the farmers show obvious loss aversion. Under the control of other factors, the pain caused by a certain amount of monetary loss can only be compensated by the pleasure from about 1.94 times the amount of monetary income. Fourthly, the compensation standard for the rural residential land exit with value -perceived rationality is not divorced from reality or difficult to accept. The standard has the possibility of realization in theory, but faces double dilemmas in practice. Research suggests that clarifying reasonable temporal and spatial arrangements for the exit of rural households’ residential land when they move to cities, and utilizing more flexibly the policy arrangements for utilizing surplus indicators of urban and rural construction land, can contribute to promoting the exit of rural residential land of the farmers who have settled in the city.