曹雪芹的无神论思想——兼论高鹗的神权观

曹雪芹的无神论思想在《红楼梦》前八十回中有大量体现,其中虽然写了许多神仙的故事,但是这些神仙的名字都叫茫茫大士,渺渺真人,空空道人,警幻仙姑;而地名则叫大荒山,无稽压,太虚幻境等等.曹的用意十分明确:这些不过是渺、茫、空、幻,荒诞的无稽之谈,属于"贾(假)语村言",和此书不记何年何代,地点可南可北一样,都是为了给此书蒙上一层虚无飘渺的色彩,以掩盖其现实严肃的政治内容.曹雪芹虽写了一系列神话故事,但一写到现实的和尚,尼姑,道士,道婆一类人物,大都采取揭露和批判的态度.与高鹗在后四十回中大量传播神权和因果报应得封建迷信思想,形成鲜明的对比.

Cao Xueqin's Atheist thought and Gao E's Theocratic View

Cao xueqin's atheist thought can be abundantly found in the first 80 chapters of his novel A Dream in Red Mansions.Though there are a lot of stories about supernatural beings in the book,they are given names such as Mangmangdashi(boundless giant),Miaomiaozhenren(vague real man),Kongkongdaoren(empty Taoist priest),and Jinghuanxiangu(illusory sorceress), and localities are given names like Dahuangshan(great barren hill),Wujiya(fantastic cliff),Taixuhuanjing(the great void),and so on.Cao's intention is obvious: these are Miao(vague),Mang(indistinct),Kong(empty),Huan(illusory),fantastic nonsense.They belong to Jiayucunyan(False words and country talk). Furthermore,this book is not dated and the localities can be understood either as in the south or in the north,which indicates that what is described in the book is purely imaginary.As a result,the author's political intention is concealed.Though Cao Xueqin Has written stories about supernatural beings,when he wrote about real persons such as Buddhist monks and nuns or Taoist priests and nuns,he often discloses and criticizes their evil deeds.It is strikingly different from the theocratic and feudalist superstition like the idea of retribution found in the last 40 chapters continued by Gao E.