清政府与义和团运动——以“持平办理”方针为中心

为处理“教案” ,清政府很早就提出了“持平办理”的方针 ,但在不平等条约的束缚下 ,处于弱势地位并只图苟安的清政府根本不可能做到“持平办理”。从清政府制定“持平办理”方针到执行不力以致失败 ,从另行出台“区分匪会”政策到降谕召募拳众 ,反映出民教交涉案件之所以逐渐发展为义和团运动 ,完全是一个规律性演进的历史过程。

The Qing Government and the Yihetuan Movement——With "Impartial Handling" Policy as the Core

For the purpose of handling "mass versus church cases", the Qing government had put forward the "impartial handling" policy quite early. However, restricted by the unjustified pact, it was impossible for the Qing government to handle impartially, for the government was at disadvantage and only seeking for moment ease. Failing to carry out the "impartial handling" policy, the Qing government established the "distinguishment between gangsters and underworld gang" policy and later even recruited the boxing mass, which reflected that it was a regular evolutionary historical process for the conflicts between the mass and the church develop into the Yihetuan Movement.