汉魏六朝哀辞研究

哀辞是一种比较特殊的哀悼夭亡者的文体,形成于东汉至魏晋六朝时期,与当时浓郁的感伤文化、感伤文学氛围有关。汉代哀辞无存。现存魏晋六朝时期曹植至梁简文帝等人的哀辞18篇。其中3篇有短序,序用散语,辞用韵语,或骚体,或骈体,或诔体,篇幅在数十字至二百字之内,内容以抒发丧失亲人的悲伤哀痛之情为主,极少叙事因素。与哀辞相近的文体有诔、哀策、吊文、祭文等,这些文体互有异同。此时期的挽歌和悼亡诗也很特殊,但与哀辞有诗、文之别。

A Study of Lament in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties

The lament,which was used to mourn for the dead,was first formed between the East Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties.It was a special literary style of the sentimental culture and atmosphere of that time.However,we have only 18 works written by Cao Zhi,Emperor Jian Wen and others in the Wei and Jin Dynasties,whereas the laments from the Han Dynasty have not survived.Three of the 18 laments have a short preface in prose and a body in the form of rhyme,Saoti,parallel or Lei.The laments,all less than 200 characters,mainly expressed the feelings of sadness with little narrative.There are also some literary styles similar to laments,such as Lei,Ai-ce,Ji.Besides,the dirge and the obituary in the Han Dynasty are very special but different from Lament,as discussed in this paper.