军事地理视野下的蜀道争夺之比较研究——三国与五代时期

在中国历史上，三国时期与五代时期乃动乱与割据之世，该时期内南北政权围绕蜀道展开了激烈的争夺。通过对三国时期与五代时期蜀道争夺的比较研究，可以发现：三国时期与五代时期的蜀道争夺战极为频繁，在中国历史上较为罕见；三国时期各条蜀道的使用频率较为平均，五代时期则严重倾向于选取故道和金牛道；三国时期蜀道争夺战多取用其中一条，而五代时期则数条同时进行。究其原因，主要在于：秦汉时期颇为重视蜀道建设，以至于三国时期蜀道的畅通性仍保持良好，而隋唐五代时期故道长期作为官方驿道，便于行军打仗；与三国时期相比，故道在五代时期的军事地理区位优势更加突出；三国时期曹魏以长安为伐蜀基地，与五代王朝多以凤翔为伐蜀基地不同。

A Comparative Study on the Battles for the Shu Roads in the Three Kingdom Period and the Five Dynasties from the Perspective of Military Geography

In the history of China,the Three Kingdoms period and the Five Dynasties were times of unrest and separation, during which the North and South regimes launched a fierce competition around the Shu Roads. Through the comparative study of the battles for the Shu Roads in the Three Kingdoms period and in the Five Dynasties period,we can find that the battles are very frequent in both periods,which is rare in the history of China. The frequency of the use of the Shu Roads in the Three Kingdoms period was relatively average,while the Old Course and the Bull Road were favored most in the Five Dynasties. The battles in the Three Kingdoms period often started in one road while those in the Five Dynasties started in several roads. The main reasons are as follows:the Qin and Han Dynasties attached high importance to the construction of Shu Roads,so that the Shu Roads in Three Kingdoms period were in good condition;as the official post road in Sui and Tang Dynasties,the Old Course served well for the march of army troops in war. The Old Course in the Five Dynasties had more military advantages than in the Three Kingdoms period,as Chang'an was the base for the war against Shu in the Three Kingdoms period,while in the Five Dynasties,Fengxiang was the base.