宋初主流士风述论

赵宋立国奉行“与士大夫治天下”的政策，士大夫是宋朝统治的基础，其风气状况如何，关系到社会的安定，机构的效能，政治的清明以及宋王朝的兴衰成败。因此士风研究是宋代政治史与文化史研究的重要课题之一。笔者认为：宋初三朝是宋代各项政策体例的草创期，对于有宋以来的士风建设，士人精神格局影响深远。宋初士大夫阶层的整体精神风貌表现为隐逸、变节、奢靡和因循持重。

The Mainstream of Academic Atmosphere in the Early Song Dynasty

Since the Song Dynasty pursued the policy of ＂rule the nation with scholar officials＂, the scholar officials played a role as the ruling basis in the Song Dynasty. This academic atmosphere affected the social stability, the validity of administrations, the well-regulated political environment, and even the political success of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the academic atmosphere was one of the most important issues in the political and cultural history of the Song Dynasty. It is believed that the first three courts of the Song Dynasty are the primitive period when various policies and rules were established because it moulded the academic atmosphere and spirit since the founding of the Song. In the early Song Dynasty the mental attitude of the scholar officials was characteristic of hermit （hidden leisurely）, apostasy （making a political recantation）, extravagance by following policies prudently.