中日工业化初期企业家行为对技术引进的影响

企业家作为生产要素的组织者和“创造性地破坏均衡”的创新者，其行为影响一个国家的现代化进程。日本明治时期以武士为主体的企业家作为集武士的冒险和开拓精神、日本特色的儒家传统以及国家利益为最高目标的实业精神和近代科学技术于一身的阶层，在不断完善的产权制度的环境中，有力地推动了技术自立化的进程。中国的“虚拟企业家”身份的复杂性，使得他们要在买办、地主、绅士及官僚等角色中寻求平衡，他们选择“寻租”或“守成”，与中国社会的制度环境结合，使得中国的现代化进程尤其艰难和缓慢。

Affects of entrepreneurs' behavior on technology import during the earlyindustrialization period in China and Japan

As the organizer of production factors and the innovator to break up c reatively the economic equilibrium, the entrepreneur's behavior affects the proc ess of modernization in a country. In Meiji Japan, the social stratum of entrepr eneurs, mainly samurai, embodied adventurous and pioneering spirit, the Confucia n tradition with Japanese features, industrial spirit of taking the national int erests as their highest goal, and modern scientific and technological knowledge. They push forcefully the process of the technological autonomy in the context o f increasingly improved arrangements of property rights. In China, On the other hand, the entrepreneur tended to seek the balance point among the roles of compr ador, landlord, gentleman, and bureaucrat etc., and to get gain by rent-seeking other than innovation. Combining with the institutional environment in China, Th is kind of behavior resulted in a hard way of technology imports started from the Yangwu Movement.