试论海上保险中经济利益原则的应用

对于海上保险合同是否存在可保利益,其检验标准一直存在法律利益原则和经济利益原则的争议。从保险产生的根源及其本身的目的和意义来看,适用经济利益原则具有一定的合理性。同时,基于法律利益原则存在的诸多缺陷,导致实际上享有经济利益的被保险人无法获得保险赔偿,当前有必要转向适用更为宽泛的经济利益原则。针对经济利益原则可能存在的操作性问题,可以结合理论上关于保险最大诚信原则的适用、特殊情形下举证责任倒置的规则以及法律禁止性规定和公序良俗的考量,并充分借鉴国内外相关实践经验,对该原则做进一步的规范。

The Application of Economic Benefit Principle in Marine Insurance

For whether there is insurable interest in marine insurance contract or not,its test standard always has controversy in the legal interest principle and the economic principle. Seeing from the origin of insurance and its purpose and significance,the application of economic interest principle has certain rationality. At the same time,because many defects of legal interest principle lead to the insured that actually enjoy the economic interests cannot get insurance compensation,it is necessary to turn to the economic interest principle that has broader application. Aiming at operational problems the principle of economic interest may exist,it may combine with the principle of utmost good faith in insurance,the rule of reversion of burden of proof under special conditions,stipulation prohibited by law and considerations on public order and good customs,and fully take example by the relevant domestic and international practical experience,to conduct further specification toward the principle.