论企业集群竞争优势基础的转变

企业集群的发展是一个动态演变的过程,随着聚集规模的扩大,企业集群的平均成本沿着"U"型曲线移动,即先随着规模增加而下降,在达到一个最佳聚集点后,平均成本开始攀升(聚集不经济).鉴于聚集经济面临聚集规模膨胀所产生的"拥挤成本(congestion costs)",这种离心力作用使得聚集经济所获得的竞争优势容易衰弱.因此,集群在发展过程中要完成从聚集经济阶段的转变,并培育富有持续创新能力的创新网络.在创新网络中企业容易获得资源(资产)共享以及能力互补优势、知识溢出效应、集体学习机制、创新的累积效应、更低的创新风险和成本,从而使得企业集群富有创新活力.

Transform of Industrial Clusters' Competition Advantage

Based on the life cycle of industrial clusters, this thesis presents a research on the transform of industrial clusters' compe titive advantage. In fact, the competitive advantage of industrial clusters is enhanced with time, caused by its inner potency or outer factors. How to keep up the competitive advantage of industrial clusters to prolong the life cycle of industrial clusters has become an important question for discussion. The second chapter gives an analysis of the competitive advantage that comes from agglomeration economy . The scale of industrial clusters is based on the comparison between the centripetal force and the centrifugal force. As the scale of industrial clusters enlarges, the average cost moves in a "U" curve,which first comes down and then goes up. Since industrial clusters are constantly under the threat of the centrifugal force caused by the congestion costs, the competitive advantage coming from agglomeration economy is easily weakened. The third chapter demonstrates the competitive advantage based on innovative networks. Enterprises in innovative networks can achieve share assets, effect s of knowledge spill-over, collective learning, accumulation of innovation, low ris ks and costs which are essential to innovation. Since innovative networks cannot come into being spontaneously, the forth chapter discusses how to establish innovative networks based on industrial clust ers. First of all, trustful culture should be advocated. What's more, innovative networks need the support of the government and scientific research departments to promote innovation. In addition, trade union can bring about special lubricant effects. Finally, innovative networks should be open and sensitive to new inf ormation and resources, which improve the continual innovative capability of the industrial clusters.