从审美发生角度看康德对美的研究

康德美学从反思判断到目的论判断虽然是从认识论上推导的,但其现象还原过程却蕴涵着审美发生的理路。这就是:生命的有机统一——自然的合目的性(美的形式)→主体的合目的性——超自然之上的使命崇高。自然的有机联系使生命从自然的律动和形式选择活动中继承了动力和向力,又在这两种因素融合成的形式感中加入了理性和想象力,美感便潜化为正向引力。如果把美感的生命发生过程分为四个感性阶段,则生命的感受超越直感刺激和形式的程式化束缚;生命被对象唤醒而获得的理想目标、形态、价值内化为境界;使人的生命意识空间趋向无限,是第四感性。这样不管是自然美的反观、艺术美的创造,还是社会美的诉求,都共同被生命活力导引的美的理想铸成为生命的目标。自然依据其形式美塑造的人类渴望升华并能构建符合自然形式美的和谐的社会生活是自然的目的,也是从审美发生上需要确证的观念。

On Kant's Study of Beauty from the Perspective of Aesthetic Occurrence

Kant's aesthetic concept is derived from the epistemological view according to his judgment between reflection and purpose,but the process of phenomenon reduction implies a rational return to the logical thinking of the aesthetic occurrence.That is the organic unity of life-natural purposiveness (the form of beauty)-main purpose-the mission of the supernatural.Natural organic links bring life the power and force in the course of activity selection from the natural rhythm to form,and adds a sense of reason a...