论《史记》对汉初最高统治者的贬斥

伟大的历史学家、文学家司马迁倾尽生命写就千古卓著《史记》,太史公秉笔直书的笔法、对历史人物饱满深厚的情感、“不虚美、不隐恶”的实录精神以及“贬天子、退诸侯、讨大夫”的修史目的导致了《史记》戏剧般跌宕起伏的命运。司马迁以敏锐、独到的历史眼光洞察到汉初社会潜在的重重危机,痛斥汉代最高统治者们的荒淫残暴、统治集团内部勾心斗角、相互残害和上流社会道德沦丧,尖锐批判的矛头甚至直指“今上”汉武帝。一部《史记》,颠覆的是王道,古今史家敢于这般直斥当朝天子者,仅司马迁一人。

Study of Criticism to the Emperor of the Han Dynasty in Shih chi

Ssu-ma Ch'ien is the great historian and litterateur in China,noted for his authorship of the magnum opus Shih-chi which is considered as the most important history records of China.Being practical and critical and having the spirit of seeking truth from facts,Ssu-ma Ch'ien,on the principle of being critical of emperors and officials,has finished the historic book Shih-chi which had a dramatic fate.The sensitive insight into the potential crisis in Han dynasty has helped Ssu-ma Ch'ien bitterly denounce the incontinent and cruel lives of the imperators,the intrigues against each other in the court and the decline of morality.His criticism even directed to the Emperor Hanwu Di.It is Shih-chi that has toppled down the kingcraft,and it is only Ssu-ma Ch'ien who has had the very courage to criticize the emperor.