乾隆《贵州通志·列女传》考论

乾隆《贵州通志.列女传》记载了贵州自宋至清初14府11州31县600余名贞节列女,这些贞节列女大体可分为节女、烈女、孝女与义女四种类型。其中节女最多,是我们关注的重点。分析节女的守节,可知其面临父母、翁姑、外族及天灾等阻力。但节女多数仍摆脱了各种阻力,从而为夫家养老抚幼,为国家育人讽教。因此,国家采取了各种旌表措施来表彰这些列女,如旌表门闾、建坊立祠等。不过,由于各种原因,也有不少列女未得到旌表。

An Examination of The Memoirs about Eminent Females of Guizhou Tongzhi in the Qian Long Regime

There are over six hundred eminent females from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty in the memoirs of Guizhou Tongzhi in the Qian Long regime,who came from 14 palaces,11 states and 31 counties.Generally these eminent females could be divided into four types: Jie females,eminent females,filial females and justified females.Eminent females were the largest in number and drew our attention significantly.Analyzing the reasons of why Jie females did not marry again,we can find that they experienced all kinds of resistance from their own parents,husband’s parents,other clans and the natural disasters.However,most of them could get rid of all these resistances,and supported the elders and raised their young children for their husbands.Besides,they also did their best to foster the others persons for their country.As a result,the country took different measures to commend them.For example,conferring honor to the door,building Fang or setting up temples.Yet,many eminent females were not commended because of different reasons.