想象的革命图景与虚拟的知识阶级叙述——论冯雪峰的革命观与知识分子观

冯雪峰以马克思主义的阶级论为元话语,在《革命与知识阶级》一文中提出了泛“国民解放运动”的概念,认为“五卅”之后,“国民解放运动有再转向的必要”,即在国民革命尚未成功的时候就应该进行一场工农阶级对资产阶级的革命。在此革命逻辑支配下,冯雪峰对革命图景的想象充满着相当的气势:一是渲染革命的铁血狂欢;二是把革命的流血牺牲化为文学艺术的浪漫与潇洒;三是把精神的变革包容在革命含义之中。中国“知识阶级”的概念是李大钊、陈独秀、鲁迅、梁启超等革命者或革命的知识分子出于革命的需要对西方“intelligentsia”一词进行译介、阐释的产物。冯雪峰以“革命与知识阶级”关系的向度,参与了“知识阶级”概念的本土化阐释与命名工作,但他却以替“知识阶级”划分类群的方式,促使“知识阶级”的内涵发生了比较大的转变,其目的是借此虚拟的历史叙述,为重构革命与知识阶级、知识阶级与文学的关系寻找理论依据。

An Imaginary Revolutionary Vista and the Narration of a Suppositional Intellectual Class——On Feng Xuefeng's views of revolution and intellectuals

Taking Marxist class theory as a meta-discourse, Feng Xuefeng put forward the concept of pan-national liberation movement in his article “Revolution and the Intellectual Class.” He thought that there was the necessity of re-turn for the national liberation movement after the May 30~(th) Incident, i.e. a revolution of the workers and peasants class against bourgeois should be put before the success of national revolution. Dominated by this revolutionary logic, Feng’s imaginary revolutionary vista was full of fierce vigor: first was the romance of the excitement of revolution; next was the change of bloody revolutionary victimization into literary romance and light-heartedness; and finally was to include the spiritual innovation into the meaning of revolution. The concept of a Chinese intellectual class was the interpretation of the word “intelligentsia” by such revolutionary intellectuals as Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Liang Qichao, etc. Directed by the relationship between revolution and an intellectual class, Feng took part in the naturalizing and nominating of the concept of intellectual class. However, with his categorization for the intellectual class, he made the connotation of the intellectual class change greatly. The purpose of this is to seek a theoretical foundation for the re-construction of the relationship between revolution and the intellectual class, and between the intellectual class and literature.