国际保理制度的立法发展及其在我国的实践

随着国际贸易中买方市场的形成,以及我国对外贸易额的不断增长,国际保理为出口商在赊销(O/A)和承兑交单(D/A)等信用方式下提供的贸易融资服务也将会得到不断发展。而作为国际保理法律关系的核心问题——应收款的转让,国际统一私法协会和联合国贸易法委员会先后制定公约作出明确规定,国际保理商联合会于2007年制订了新的《国际保理通则》,由此形成了国际保理制度的国际统一法律环境。与国际保理的统一实体私法相比,我国立法对债权让与的相关规定仍显不足,尤其是对未来债权的让与等问题在立法上更是空白,国际保理在我国实践中面临诸多法律问题。为此,应在合同法中对未来债权的可让与性问题作出明确规定,同时取消“当事人约定不得转让债权的情形”之规定。 

The Legislative Development of International Factoring and Its Practice in China

With the formation of the buyer-oriented market in the international trade and an increase of export turnover of China, international factoring, which provides a trade financial service for exporters under the credits of Open Account(O/A) and Documents against Acceptance (D/A), will constantly develope forward. As the core of legal relationship of international factoring, namely, the assignment of receivables, both UNIDROIT and UNCITRAL have made clear provisions through conventions successively, and FCI has enacted the new General Rules of International Factoring in 2007, thus a unified international legal environment on international factoring has been formed. Compared with unified substantive private law pact of entity, our country has not enough provisions about assignment of credit. In particular, there exists no provisions on the assignment of future credit. Consequently, Chinese international factoring system is confronted with many legal problems in pracitice. In order to solve this problem, assignment of future credit should be clearly defined in Contract Law and provisions about the situation when parties agree that credit cannot be assigned should be abolished.