张载“诗说”的诠释特色

张载《诗说》的研究现状与其学术价值极不相称,有继续研究的必要。张载《诗说》以“置心平易,以意逆志”为诠释理念,这在他的三大《诗》论中有充分的体现;以顺天、尊君为诠释内容,这在他说“顺帝之则”、说文王必敬事商纣、说后稷之生中有充分的体现。在诠释方法上,以诗、《易》、“气”说《诗》,此则张载《诗说》独有;以古礼、情理、文理解《诗》,是宋儒解《诗》的常用方法。张载《诗说》并非皆合《诗》旨,却是时代尊君思潮的反映,故而值得研究;其诠释方法并非全都新颖,但这些“陈旧的方法”却参与了宋代《诗》学的共构,故而值得关注。

The Characteristic of Zhang Zai's Comments on The Book of Songs

There is a discrepancy between Zhang Zai's Comments on The Book of Songs and the current state of studies on this book. Further studies should be carried out. In his work, he put forward the interpretative concept of “using your mind to conjure the mind of others”, which was reflected in his three works on The Book of Songs. He also used “obedience to nature and respect of the monarch” as the content of interpretation, which was expressed in his“principle of obeying the monarch”, his mentioning of King Wen's service to Zhou, etc. As to interpreting methods, Zhang Zai used The Book of Changes and the idea of“Qi” to interpret The Book of Songs. These methods were exclusively his own, while Song Confucians generally resorted to ritual, sensibility and reason to read The Book of Songs. His comments were not always original, but reflected social trends of respecting the monarch, therefore guaranteeing their values. His methods were not always new, but they were used by many scholars in the Song Dynasty, therefore deserving our attention.