朱子学的自我批判、更新与朱陆合流——以吴澄中庸学为中心

朱子学在后世传衍中逐渐显出异化为记诵口耳之学的一面,元代吴澄传承晚宋以来勉斋学派的批判创新精神,对朱子思想加以修正,彰显了潜伏已久的朱陆合流之思潮。以《中庸》诠释为例,草庐批评《中庸章句》过于精详而流于分裂,对全书章句作出了新的划分,突出尊德性对道问学的优先性,重新诠释“本心”概念,显示出宋元时期朱子学者经典诠释的创新能力,表明元代“朱陆合流”实为朱子学内部自我更新调适所至。

The Self-criticism and Renewal of Zhuism and the Confluence of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan's Theory Centered on Wu Cheng's Zhongyong Study

As time goes by, Zhuism has been gradually alienated to memory, fragmentary and hearsay knowledge. Wu Cheng in Yuan Dynasty, who inherited the spirit of criticism and innovation from Mianzhai School in late Song Dynasty, tried his best to amend the thought of Zhu Zi, highlighting the lurk ideological trend of the confluence of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan''s theory. Taking the annotation of Zhongyong as an example, Wu Cheng criticized that chapters and sentences in Zhongyong were too details to split and made a new division on the chapters. Meanwhile, he emphasized honoring virtuous nature prior to inquiry and knowledge, and reinterpreted the concept of "conscience". That shows the innovative annotation of classics of Zhuism scholars in Song-Yuan Dynasty and indicate that the ideological trend of confluence of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan''s theory is the result of Zhuism''s self-renewal and adjustment.