魏晋之际士人的政治选择

在魏晋之际政治大变动时期,士人面临重要政治选择,或仕、或隐、或走、或反。出仕者有裴秀、贾充等,前者"步步高升"而无明显劣迹,后者曾在任要职期间鼓动弑君。至于阮籍,沉湎酒中而能不失风骨,可看作隐于朝中者。嵇康求隐但未彻底远离政治,后因故被杀;而孙登则为真正的隐士,并由此得以保全。夏侯霸从魏国出走投奔蜀汉,不仅保其身还出任显职。李丰计划在洛阳发动政变以反司马氏,但图谋失败;钟会在益州起兵反司马氏,随即败没。魏晋之际士人在政治上究竟做何种选择,与他们自身的特殊情况包括政治立场、志向、个性等有关,也与其对个人利害关系的认识或对局势的评估有关。

Different Political Choices of the Celebrities Between the Wei and Jin Dynasties

In the period of sharp political changes between the Wei and Jin dynasties, the celebrities were faced with significant political choices-becoming an official, retiree, exile or rebel. Pei Xiu was promoted step by step without evident misdeeds; Jia Chong agitated others to kill the emperor when he was a high ofifcial. Ruan Ji, indulging in liquor without losing his character, could be regarded as a courtier in his solitude. Ji Kang sought to retire but did not stay apart from the politics entirely, and later was killed for some reasons; Sun Deng was a real hermit, thus left out of danger. Xiahou Ba went to the Kingdom of Shu for shelter from the Kingdom of Wei, and got a high position there. Li Feng planned to stage a coup to ifght against the Sima family, but his attempt failed. Zhong Hui revolted against the Sima family in Yizhou, but was defeated thereupon. The political choices of the celebrities living between the Wei and Jin dynasties were associated with his personal traits, cognition of his own stake and assessment of the political situation.