国家、地方政府、乡绅与乡村秩序——以民国初年微山湖地区“垦务公司事件”为例

民国初年发生在微山湖西岸的"垦务公司事件"表明,地方政府在中央权威弱化时,既不是国家的代理人,亦非乡村社会利益的代表者,它形成并扩张自主性利益,自身利益最大化成为其价值取向。此时的乡村士绅已非传统社会以乡村社会共同体利益为己任的士绅阶层,它开始从乡村社会"分化"出来,主动向地方政权靠拢。缺失代言人的乡村社会,难以联合起来形成足够的力量抵制地方政府的自利行为,乡村社会开始陷入集体"失语"状态。

State, Local Governments, Squires and Rural Orders——An Example of Cultivation Company Affairs in Weishan Lake Region at the Beginning of the Republic of China(1912-1949)

The Cultivation Company Affairs that took place on the west bank of Weishan Lake at the beginning of the Republic of China reveals that when the central government was weakening,the local government would neither be the agent of the state nor the representative for the rural social interests.It formed and expanded its own interests and the maximization of its own interests became its value orientation.At this time the country gentlemen were not the gentry class which regarded the common interests of the rural community as their responsibility.They started to come out from the rurual society and take the initiative to move closer to the local government.The rural society without the speaker for it,was difficult to join up to form a sufficient force to resist the selfish local government.The rural society fell into a state of a collective "aphasia".