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Aspirations as reference points: an experimental investigation of risk behavior over time |
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| Authors: | Arvid O. I. Hoffmann Sam F. Henry Nikos Kalogeras |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Finance, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2. Network for Studies on Pensions, Aging and Retirement (Netspar), P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands 3. Department of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands 4. European Center of Corporate Engagement (ECCE), School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the importance of aspirations as reference points in a multi-period decision-making context. After stating their personal aspiration level, 172 individuals made six sequential decisions among risky prospects as part of a choice experiment. The results show that individuals make different risky-choices in a multi-period compared to a single-period setting. In particular, individuals’ aspiration level is their main reference point during the early stages of decision-making, while their starting status (wealth level at the start of the experiment) becomes the central reference point during the later stages of their multi-period decision-making. |
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