论楚辞对汉赋的影响

汉赋“受命于诗人 ,拓宇于《楚辞》。”汉大赋铺张扬厉、结构宏大、语言华丽、句式工整 ,这种审美情趣和特点直接受楚辞的影响 ,故有“楚艳汉侈”之说 ;抒情赋以《楚辞》为模仿对象 ,具有抒情述志 ,注重音韵节奏而篇幅不长等特点 ,它直接脱胎于《离骚》、《九章》。一方面是因为统治者需要歌功颂德 ,文人以辞赋创作作为进仕的手段 ;另一方面文人生活的困顿与挫折 ,诸多悲剧性的人生遭际 ,需要以辞赋写志抒情 ,楚辞也始终在赋家创作中起影响作用。以司马相如《天子游猎赋》为代表的以描写皇宫帝苑和帝王巡狩游宴为主要内容的汉大赋得楚辞之形 ,以贾谊《吊屈原赋》为代表的以抒写个人情志为主的抒情赋得楚辞之神 ,二者对楚辞各取所需而面目各异

On the Influence of Chu Ci on Han Odes

The Han odes were derived from "Book of Poetry" and greatly developed from "Chu Ci". Han Odes appear to be gorgeous with their grand structures,magnificent language and balanced sentences.This kind of style of writing was directly influenced by "Chu Ci" and lavish Han odes. Lyrical odes follow the example of "Chu Ci",feature lyricism and emphasize rhythms and rhymes and their brevity.The Han odes were directly derived from "Li Sao "and "Jiu Zhang".There were two reasons for it.On the one hand,rulers needed odes as means of showing off their exploits and literati regarded them as a way of promotion.On the other hand,literati at that time suffered defeat,tortures and social tragedies and as a result,they took odes as means of expressing their ambitious emotions. Furthermore,"Chu Ci" has always played an important role in the creation of odes.For example,"Ode to the Emperor's Hunting" by Sima Xiangru and "Condolence on Qu Yuan" by Jia Yi both borrowed a lot from "Chu Ci" but differed from each other in some degree.