非均衡发展:一流学科建设的逻辑、局限及其应对

一流学科作为世界一流大学发展的支撑,是“双一流”建设的关键。在新时期“双一流”政策实施背景下,国家意图以重点投入、竞争分配的非均衡政策来实现部分学科的优先发展,但却使得我国学科建设总体上呈现出了不均衡发展的状态。当前,非均衡发展成为一流学科建设的主导逻辑,深刻影响和形塑着学科的建设过程和形态,其逻辑的局限性以及非均衡政策工具本身的缺陷导致了资源配置与学科发展动力的失衡、评价机制与学科内在目标的失衡、等级排序与学科应有定位的失衡等问题。协调发展理论认为,推进“非均衡”与“均衡”的协调发展是一流学科建设的必然归宿。应通过建立新型公共财政体制、构建中国特色学科评价机制和创建科学合理的分类体系,来推进一流学科建设的整体协调发展。

Unbalanced Development: Logic, Limitations and Countermeasures in the Construction of World-Class Discipline

The world-class discipline is regarded as the support of the world-class university, which is key in building "Double-World Class". With the implementation of the "Double-World Class" policy in the new era, China intends to achieve the goal of priority to a few disciplines in an Unbalanced-Development way, while contributing to the state of Unbalanced-Development on the whole of discipline construction. At present, the Unbalanced-Development has become the dominant logic of the construction of the world-class discipline, and has effect on discipline construction. The limitation of the logic and the defects of the unbalanced policy lies in the fact that it may lead to the following three issues:imbalance in resource disposition and driving force of disciplines, imbalance in evaluation mechanism and the Internal goals of disciplines, imbalance in hierarchical ranking and the appropriate positioning of disciplines. According to the ideas of the coordination development theory, it is an inevitable path for the construction of world-class discipline to promote the coordinated development of "Balanced" and "Unbalanced". In order to realize the overall coordinated development, the following measures should be adopted:establishing a new public financial system, constructing the evaluation mechanism of discipline with Chinese characteristics and setting up reasonable classification system.