从古典到新兴古典经济学的专业化分工理论与当代产业集群的演进

本文系统述评了古典经济学、新古典经济学、新兴古典经济学等经济学流派关于专业化分工和报酬递增研究思路的演变脉络,指出以专业化分工为源泉的报酬递增思想对于现实经济更具有解释力。在此基础上,从专业化分工视角分析了当代产业集群的演进。本文认为,集群形成和发展的一个主要原因是专业化分工的深化和交易网络的扩展。分工的深化促进了企业的发展;随着交易网络的扩展,各种交易费用迅速增加,为了减少交易费用,增加报酬递增,协调分工的进一步深化,集群应运而生,并伴随着分工的发展而发展。反之,集群的发展又进一步促进了专业化分工的深化和交易网络的扩展。最后,文章针对当前我国产业集群发展的现状提出了值得关注的几个问题。

Theories of Specialization from Classical to New Classical Economics and Evolution of Contemporary Cluster of Industries

This paper systematically reviews an evolutional process of the idea of Specialization and reward-increasing by classical, neoclassical and new classical economics. The author points out that the idea of reward-increasing with professional specialization as its source is more powerful to interpret the economical reality. The evolution of contemporary cluster of industries is analyzed from the view of professional specialization based on such an idea. The author holds that one of the main reasons of the formation and development of the cluster is the deepening of professional specialization and the expansion of trading net. The deepening of specialization has promoted the development of enterprises. With the expansion of trading net, all kinds of trading expense increased swiftly. In order to reduce trading expense for the purpose of an increase of reward, and to further deepen the coordination of specialization, the cluster happens in time, and develops along with the development of specialization. On the contrary, the development of cluster further promotes the deepening of professional specialization and the expansion of trading net. At the conclusion, the author puts forward several worth-concerning problems of the status quo of the development of contemporary Chinese cluster of industries.