不同供需关系下的食品安全与政府监管策略分析

供需物流不平衡是引发食品安全的问题的一个重要因素,本文从最基本的物流平衡出发,构建一个从原材料供应到消费者最终消费完整过程的食品风险传播模型,采用计算实验方法探讨不同供需关系对食品安全以及供应链成员策略选择的影响。研究发现,不同的供需关系会导致不同的食品安全情况,供需关系越紧张,食品安全事故发生的可能性越大,从物流平衡的角度解释了一些食品安全事故发生的必然性。在供需极度失衡的情况下,政府监管能在一定程度上控制有害物质的恶性传播,但不能从根本上保证食品的安全。政府监管策略方面,与静态的监管策略相比,弹性、动态的监管策略能更有效的控制食品安全。此外,物流供需关系、监管策略对食品供应链的上游影响较大,对下游影响相对较小。

Analysis on Food Safety and Government Regulation under the Different Relationship between Supply and Demand

A major inducement of food safety accidents is the unbalanced supply-demand relation in food logistics. Based on logistics balance,this paper builds a food risk propagation model which simulates a complete supplier-to-consumer chain,and then analyzes how different supply-demand relations effect the food safety and the decision-making of individual actors,by using computational experiment. The research resups explain the inevitability of some current food safety accidents from logistics balance dimension,and reveal that different supply-demand relations lead to different level of food safety. Specifically speaking, the higher tension there are,the higher risk there will be. In the case of an extreme unbalance supply-demand relation,government regulation can,only control malignant spread of hazardous substance in a limited extent rather than guarantee it fundamentally. Comparing and contrasting with static supervision,the flexible and dynamic regulation is more efficient in food safety control. In addition,logistics relation and regulatory strategy effect the upstream of food supply chain deeper than it that on downstream.