论合规律性与合目的性的主体

“社会历史的发展是合规律性与合目的性的统一”,这个命题本身是从唯心主义哲学家那里引申出来的, 在哲学史上,它的主体大致经历了从“神”到“自然”、“理性”这样一个演变过程, 对它作唯物主义的解释未免有些牵强附会。马克思主义创始人立足于“现实的个人”这一历史观的出发点, 对这一命题进行了合理“扬弃”。马克思、 恩格斯在谈合规律性与合目的性时所相对的主体是“现实的个人”,正确的提法应当是“人的活动是合规律性与合目的性的统一”, 而不能说“社会历史的发展是合规律性与合目的性的统一”。

A Brief Account on Subject in Conformity with Law and Purpose

The proposition that the process of social history is in conformity with law and purpose is one of idealism, and in the history of philosophy, its subject evolved from God to Nature and to Reason, and it's forced to interpret it in the way of materialism. Based on the starting point of the “real man”, the founder of marxism rationally sift through this proposition. When talking about being in conformity with human purpose and historical law, Marx and Engels hold that the subject is “real man”. We can say that human activities are in conformity with human purpose and his torical law, but cannot say that the process of social history is in conformity with law and purpose.