论春秋战国时期的游说拜官

春秋战国时期的游士,按其游说的动机目的,大体上可分为志于道、志于功、志于利和志于义四种类型。除道不同宁隐不仕和志于义不屑为官者外,游说拜官以寻求面君的机会为前提,以忠言嘉谋为关键;同时,还需游说者细心揣摩君主的心理,擅辞令、逞辩说,娴熟地运用游说的方法和技巧。游说拜官既是臣择君,也是君择臣的双向选择行为。

On the Practice of Interview with Supreme Rulers for Official Position in the Spring & Autumn Warring State Period

According to their motivations,the scholars who went about selling ideas in the Spring and Autumn Period are divided into four kinds:those who tried to persuade supreme rulers with ruling ways,those who tried to get official rank,those who tried to gain benefits,and those who tried to work for loyalty.Except for those who withdrew from society and those who refused officialdom for loyalty,the scholars who went about selling ideas among rulers gave priority to the opportunity to interview with rulers and sincere advice.Meanwhile,they had to guess the rulers' psychology to interview with rulers and sincere advice.Meanwhile,they had to guess the rulers' psychology and be eloquent,working easily with methods and techniques.The practice of interview with rulers for official position was not merely for subjects to choose the right supreme ruler but for the supreme ruler to choose the right subjects.