The role of titles in enhancing data visualization |
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| Institution: | 1. Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA;2. RAND Health Care, RAND Corporation, 776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90401-3208, USA;3. Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA;4. College of Nursing, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA;5. Morsani College of Medicine and College of Nursing, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA;1. American Institutes for Research, United States;2. Character Development Learning Institute, YMCA of the USA Sarah Hodgman, United States;1. Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States;2. Program Evaluation Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, United States;1. The College of Architecture, Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, China;2. Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Japan;3. Department of Architecture, The University of Kitakyushu, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Many in the data visualization and evaluation communities recommend conveying the message or takeaway of the visualization in the visualization's title. This study tested that recommendation by examining how informative or generic titles impact a visualization’s visual efficiency, aesthetics, credibility, and the perceived effectiveness of the hypothetical program examined. Furthermore, this study tested how simple or complex graphs, and positive, negative, or mixed results (i.e., valence of the results) affected outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 12 conditions, representing a 2 (graph: simple or complex) x 2 (title: generic or informative) x 3 (valence: positive, negative, mixed) between-subjects study. The results indicated that informative titles required less mental effort and were viewed as more aesthetically pleasing, but otherwise did not lead to greater accuracy, credibility, or perceived effectiveness. Furthermore, titles did not interact with graph type or the valence of the findings. While the results suggest it is worthwhile to consider adding an informative title to data visualizations as they can reduce mental effort for the viewer, the intended goal of the visualization should be taken into consideration. Considering the goal of the visualization can be a deciding factor of the type of graph and title that will best serve its intended purposes. Overall, this suggests that data visualization recommendations that impact evaluation reporting practices should be scrutinized more closely through research. |
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| Keywords: | Data visualization Titles Evaluation Research on evaluation |
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