“官僚制”的文化省察

韦伯的官僚制理论以及他的合理性、合法性范畴 ,是 2 0世纪最有影响的学说之一。但是 ,在韦伯的这一学说中 ,却存在着一些根本性的缺陷 ,而且在实践中造成了官僚主义和腐败等诸多社会问题。面对官僚制和合理性问题上的各种缺陷 ,韦伯和哈贝马斯都作了思考 ,并提出了人文救治的方案。但是 ,韦伯的方案只不过是在官僚制外部寻求补救。哈贝马斯提出了交往合理性 ,但交往合理性如何内在地包含着整合形式合理性与实质合理性、目的合理性与价值合理性的动力 ,却是不清楚的。所以 ,他们都没有从根本上解决这些问题。其实 ,科学的发展已经展现出了走向与文化重合的客观趋势。即使在过往的科学发展和社会理性建构中 ,如果进行哲学的终极追问的话 ,也可以看到文化和价值特别是信仰的意义

A Cultural Analysis of the "Bureaucratic System"

Max Weber's bureaucratic System theory and its rational and lawful categories formed one of the most influential theories in the 20th century, but there were still some fundamental deficiencies in his theory which has posed some social problems in its practice such as bureaucracy and corruption.Therefore, Max Weber and Jurgen Habermas thought out some humanitarian remedies outside the bureaucratic system. Habermas put forward his interaction rationality theory, but he did not make it clear how the theory contains the motive force of the rationality of integrated form, essence, purpose and value.In fact, the development of science has shown an objective trend of the coincidence of orientation and culture.In the final philosophical analysis, we can find the real meaning of culture, value, and especially beliefs even in the previous development of science and the construction of social rationality.