民国时期省制改革过程及动因研究

民国时期的地方行政制度改革经过了长时间的争论与实践,自北京政府时期省—道—县三级制,省成为行使监察职能的一级政府,到南京国民政府时期的省政府合署办公和新县制,省一级政府从行政区划到机构建制、政府职能等方面都有着重大的变化。这一变化过程集中体现了中央集权与地方分权两种政治主张的斗争,其实质则是中央与地方在利益分配上的博弈。此外,省制改革也考虑到了各省的差异性,整体上呈现出行政现代化的趋势。

The Process and Reasons of the Provincial Reform during the Republic of China

In the period of the Republic of China,reforms were made after a long time of debate and practice on the local administrative system reform.In the period of Beijing Administration,the three virtual-level system of province-tao-county was practiced in which the province was virtual government exercising supervision function.Later in the period of Nanjing Administration,the united offices of provincial government and new system of county were exercised.Under the reform,great changes were seen in the government at the provincial level considering administrative division,mechanism and function.The changes reflected the struggles between the two political ideas of centralization and decentralization,which were in fact the conflicts between the central government and local governments in terms of interests.Besides,such reform took consideration of the differences in each province and it took on the feature of administrative modernization.