我国新农村建设中的教育布局与发展问题

促进农村教育发展是我国推动素质教育的重要步骤和基本要求；农村教育的落后严重制约着我国教育的整体发展水平，促使农村教育发展不但重要而且十分急迫。新农村建设为我国农村教育的发展提供了极为难得的机遇。我国要以新农村建设为契机，实现布局合理、功能完善，结构优化，设施完备、管理规范和师资力量明显增强的农村教育发展目标。主要的办法和思路是：①按照教育规律和合理、方便与可行的要求实现农村教育的合理布局；②根据满足需要。体现个性和增强适应性的原则实行城乡一体的教学规范和基本管理制度；③按照教育城乡均衡发展的要求实行教师一体的工资福利制度和逐步实现教学岗位的均衡安排，加大财政转移支持力度实现城乡教学配套设施的一体化；④淡化行政辖区意识，按需要设立农村教育管理机构；⑤可以先从改善教学条件，优化教育教学布局、完善教育教学功能和设施、改善师资和规范教育教学管理制度入手，然后再逐步实施并相机全面推开素质教育。⑥当务之急是在住房、生活和待遇等方面为城市到农村支教的教师提供完善的支持保障体系。⑦多渠道发展农村的职业和成人教育。

THE EDUCATIONAL LAYOUT & DEVELOPMENT IN CONSTRUCTING THE NEW COUNTRYSIDE IN CHINA

Promoting the development of rural area is an important move and basic demand tor pushing torward quality education. That rural education is far behind the times has restricted the overall development level of our national education. Thus promoting the educational development in rural areas is not only important but also critical. The construction of the new countryside provides a rare opportunity for developing rural education. The development of rural education should aim at realizing rational layout, functional improving, structural optimizing, equipment perfecting, standardized managing and the strengthening of teachers. The major approaches and train of thought are as follows ： 1 ） realizing the rational layout of rural education in accordance with educational law ;2）carrying out unified teaching standards and basic administrating system to reflect individual character and improve adaptability;3 ）putting into effect uniform wage ＆ welfare system and providing more financial support for realizing the integration of urban and the limits of administrative agency for rural education ;5） rural teaching facilities ;4） weakening the awareness of beginning with improving teaching conditions, optimizing educational layout, perfecting instructive teaching functions ＆ facilities and improving teachers＇qualities; 6） the most pressing matter of the moment is to provide rural teachers with perfect security system in terms of housing, living and reasonable salary ;7 ）developing rural vocational schooling from various channels.