关于社会福利制度的深层次思考

效率和公平是社会福利的两大准则 ,整个人类历史可以说就是一个不断追求效率和公平的历史 ,而其中针对社会弱势群体进行的收入和服务保障更是一个超社会形态的课题 ,是一个关乎人类社会福利的重要问题。针对中国的实际情况 ,本文中所讨论的社会福利制度被限定在“剩余福利模式”上。在对中外社会福利制度的起源及其理论发展进行考察的基础上 ,作者指出 :社会福利的提供应是制度化的政府职责 ,它的实施不仅能有效地保护社会弱势群体 ,还有利于全社会秩序的稳定和经济增长目标的实现 ;在中国目前财政收入相对不足的情况下 ,政府应充分利用社会资源、调动社会力量、推进立法、加紧培育行业组织和非赢利社会组织 ,以达到完善社会福利制度、有效保护社会弱势群体之目的。

A In-depth Reflection on the Social Security System

Efficiency and fairness are the two major principles of social welfare. The whole human history is, in a sense, the history of constant pursuit of efficiency and fairness, while the guarantee of income and service for the disadvantaged group of people is a particular topic which transcends social patterns and concerns the welfare of the human society. In the light of the reality of China, this paper discusses the social welfare system within the confines of surplus welfare pattern. Based on an investigation of the origin of Chinese and foreign social welfare systems and their theoretical development, the writers of this paper point out that providing social welfare is the obligation of a systematized government, and its implementation can not only protect effectively the disadvantaged groups of people, but also help to ensure social stability and economic growth. Considering the fact that China's present fiscal revenue is relatively insufficient, the government should fully employ social resources, bring into full play all possible social factors, promote legislation and speed up the establishment of trade organizations and non profit social organizations so as to perfect the social welfare system and effectively protect the disadvantaged people in our society.