德性儒学的成就、困境与走向

在西化思潮盛行、传统儒家受到打压的思想氛围中,现代新儒家适应儒学由传统转向现代的大趋势,从弘扬儒家德性入手,掀起了中国现代哲学史上的新儒学运动。德性儒学发端于梁漱溟,中经熊十力奠基,到牟宗三终结。德性儒学批驳西方中心主义,彰显中国哲学的民族精神,接续传统并走出传统,把握人性根本,回应西方哲学的话语,安顿价值世界,挺立道德主体性,开启中国儒学发展的新阶段,做出了历史性的理论贡献。德性儒学未能突破道德中心主义的藩篱,无法从“内圣”中顺利地开出“新外王”,应对以科学与民主为标志的现代化进程,无法为现代中国社会的发展提供精神动力,无法突破“精英儒学”的小圈子,从而陷入困境之中。拘于道德理想主义的情结,过度强调应然,没有直接面对实然,是其陷入困境的主要原因。

New Ideology of Mind: Its Achievements,Predicament and Tendency

Under an atmosphere in which western thoughts prevailed and traditional Confucianism was being oppressed,modern Neo-Confucianists launched Neo-Confucianism movement in modern Chinese philosophy history as a reaction to the trend of Confucian transition from tradition to modernity.New ideology of mind,which started by Lian Shuming,developed by Xong Shili and ended by Mou Zongshan,has tried to rebut Occidentalism,highlight national character of Chinese philosophy,grasp human nature from,respond to the western discourse,settle down the value world,uplift the moral subjectivity,open up a new stage of Chinese Confucianism and has made a historic contribution.However,new ideology of mind cannot break through the moral absolutism,nor smoothly open up the "new outer king" from "inner saga",nor provide the spiritual impetus to the development of Chinese society,nor go beyond the small circle of "elite Confucianism".The main reason why new ideology of mind falls into the predicament is that it is confined by the complex of moral idealism,overstressing the "ought to be",not directly facing the "to be".