六朝“兴”亡说辩正——兼论从讽谏之“比兴”到审美之“兴”的演化路径

兴是中国古典文艺学中一个重要的范畴。《诗经》六义中的兴与比常常以一体化的形式出现,并在后世的阐释里承担着美刺的任务,而钟嵘《诗品序》中却已出现了与以往迥异的内涵,这个内涵是对比兴传统功用的超越,也就是说,后世具有浓厚美学意味的兴与比兴之兴本是一体化的,浓厚美学意味的兴只是在比兴之传统功能淡化、比兴所依附的自然逐步被审美化之后才产生的,这是一个功能的转化。但是,刘勰等却认为在六朝“兴义消亡”,这个观点是将传统的比兴之兴与美学意味的兴割裂的产物。

On Xing's Disappearance in the Six Dynasties

Xing is an important category in Chinese ancient literature and art.In The Book of Songs,Xing and Bi always emerge as an integrated whole,and perform the function of praising and ridiculing in late ages' interpretations.In his Preface to Poetry Appreciation,Zhong Rong assigned to them an implication different from those assigned to them before.This newly assigned implications exceed their traditional functions.The "Xing" with rich aesthetic connotations and the "Xing" in its original sense should have been an integrated whole.The latter has arisen only after the traditional functions of the original "Xing" have faded and the nature "Bi" and "Xing" are dependent on has been aesthetically implicated.This is a kind of change in its function.Yet Liu Xie's viewpoint that "Xing" in its original sense already disappeared in the Six Dynasties is just a result of disassociating "Xing" in its originial sense from the "Xing" with aesthetical implications.