现代中国经济社会转型:从二元结构到四元结构(1949—2009)

中国的特殊国情使中国经济社会转型的历史轨迹也不同于其他国家的演变道路,而是经历了一条独特的工业化与城市化道路:一是1840—1948年从传统农业解体到城乡二元经济社会结构的漫长演变阶段;二是1949—1977年计划经济体制下的城乡二元经济社会结构分割和强化阶段;三是1978—1991年农村改革和农村工业化迅速发展所伴随的二元经济社会结构开始解体并逐步转向三元经济社会结构,即农业部门、乡镇企业部门、城镇正规部门;四是1992年之后建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制和城市化迅速发展所伴随的四元经济社会结构。面对新的四元结构,中国未来发展的基本方向就是城乡一体化、城市内部一体化、农村内部一体化,即经济社会一体化、趋同化和现代化,这就要求不断促进农业现代化、农村工业集聚化、农民工市民化、城乡居民基本公共服务均等化,真正实现"共同富裕"的社会主义现代化。

Social and Economic Transformation in Modern China: From Two-sector to Four-sector(1949-2009)

Differently from other economies’ experiences,China witnesses a unique transformational trajectory of socioeconomic structure drived by industrialization and urbanization,which includes:(1) dual economy slowly emerged from decomposition of Traditional Agriculture(1840-1948);(2) the centrally planning economy artificially reinforced dually urban-rural segmentation(1949-1977);(3) with rural reform and rural industrialization,TVEs grew as third sector adding to the Dual Economy(1978-1991);(4) triggered by socialist marketization and urbanization,urban informal sector came into being.Confronting with the four-sector social structure,including urban formal,urban informal,rural industry and rural agriculture,the future trend of urban rural development is socioeconomically integration of four-sector into one,especially equalization of access to basic public services.