中西古史对比研究

古代雅典、斯巴达和中国,是世界古代史中发展方向一致而发展道路迥异的三大典型,充分体现了世界历史发展的统一性与多样性的辩证关系。由于史观与史法的不同,这种辩证关系,迄无共识,本文先从澄清一个长期被曲解、淹没的科学原理——“两种生产”入手,然后对雅典、斯巴达与中国古史作一简要的比较、剖析,最终概括出决定历史发展道路不同的三个基本要素。

A Comparative Study of Ancient Chinese History and Ancient Western History

Ancient Athens, Sparta and China were three models whose directions of development were identical, but their ways of development were quite different, fully showing the dialectical relation of unity and variety of development of the world history. Up to now, there has been no common understanding about this dialectical relation because of the different historical viewpoints and methods. This article starts with clarifying the scientific principle, Two Kinds of Productions, which has been misinterpreted and drowned for long time, then makes a brief comparison among Athens, Sparta and China and analyzes them, and finally summarizes three essential factors which decide different developing ways of Athens, Sparta and China. The observations of this article may contain a grain of truth for understanding the law of the development of history.