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现代汉语“没”与句中“了”的时体属性研究
引用本文:潘泰.现代汉语“没”与句中“了”的时体属性研究[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版),2009(3):286-290.
作者姓名:潘泰
作者单位:武汉大学留学生教育学院讲师,湖北武汉430072
摘    要:现代汉语中的否定词“没”的使用主要受时制方面的限制,它表示的是“已然”的时制意义,可以用于先事时、方事时、过去时、现在时,但不可以用于将来时、后事时。位于句中的“了1”至少包括两个,其一是具有先事时意义或者过去时意义的时制助词“了11”;其二是具有动词意义,充当补语的动词弱化形式“了12”。因为“没”和“了11”具有相同的语法属性,所以不太能在同一小句中共现,一些共现的情况要么语感接受度不高,要么受到了语言经济性原则或其他语法条件的限制;“了12”与“没”的共现基本上没有什么问题。

关 键 词:“没”  句中“了”  时制  体态  共现

A Study on the Tense and Aspect Characteristics of Mei (没) and Le ( 了 ) in Modern Chinese
Pan Tai.A Study on the Tense and Aspect Characteristics of Mei (没) and Le ( 了 ) in Modern Chinese[J].Wuhan University Journal (Humanity Sciences),2009(3):286-290.
Authors:Pan Tai
Institution:Pan Tai (Humanities School, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China)
Abstract:"Mei" has the meaning of Already; it can be used in past, present, processing and anterior, but not in Future nor Posterior. "Le1" in the middle of a clause contains two different forms at least. One (called Le11) has the meaning of past or anterior. The other one (called Le12) has the meaning of a particular kind of verb, and it plays the role of complement in the clause. Levi is a mark of past or anterior. Because mei and Le11 have the same grammatical characteristic, they usually cannot coexist in one clause. However, the coexistence of Mei and Le12 is out of question.
Keywords:Mei(没)  Le(了)in the middle of clauses  tense  aspect  coexistence
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