脸谱化改写:“十七年”鲁迅接受的话语策略

建国后"十七年"间,鲁迅形象从"革命性"、"政治性"意义上进行了脸谱化的改写。这种改写一方面是努力把鲁迅与革命拉近,一方面是努力使鲁迅思想与毛泽东思想完全一致,最终使鲁迅成为文化界、文学界配合中国革命、论证中国革命正确性的重要资源。"十七年"间对鲁迅脸谱化改写是从既具有权威性,又具有普及性的中学语文教学开始的。对鲁迅形象的改写,经由中学语文教学等途径极大地影响了一个时代的话语方式和思维模式。"十七年"间对鲁迅形象的脸谱化改写实际是服务于时代政治话语的,虽然无论是鲁迅研究者们,还是教材编选者们,未必是违心而刻意地以此为目的,但在当时的政治一元化环境下,他们实际上也难以有别的选择。当目的脱离了研究对象本身的承载能力时,研究对象就只能是一个被摆布的工具而已,这种政治工具性,使得无论是鲁迅研究,还是教材编选,都越来越走向封闭、走向极端。

Rewriting Like Making up Facemask:on the Discourse Strategy about the Lu Xun Acceptance in the"Seventeen Years"

The image of Lu Xun was rewritten and made up the facemask according to a revolutionist and politician in the "Seventeen Years".The rewriting produced a close relationship between Lu Xun and the revolution and brought Lu Xun's thought into line with the one of Mao Ze-dong.So the rewritten image became a kind of important resource for the intellectuals who tried to cooperate the revolution and demonstrated the validity of the revolution.The mask rewriting began in the field of the middle-school Chinese teaching which had the authority and universality.The rewriting greatly affected the discourse pattern and the thinking model of the people in the age through the teaching and so on.