明确目标多方参与提升高校办学质量水平——德国高等教育评估制度及其特点

随着高等教育大众化、国际化、多样化发展的日益深入，具有悠久历史与优良传统的德国高等教育也开始出现危机，原本行之有效的运行模式受到了来自多方面的质疑。为应对上述挑战，20世纪90年代，德国在谨慎观望、多方研讨和局部试验之后，建立起独具特色的高等教育评估制度。本文首先对德国高等教育评估的宗旨与目标、评估机构、评估内容和评估程序等基本问题进行了系统梳理，在此基础上，对其富于启示价值的重要举措进行了提炼和分析，并将德国高等教育评估的特点归纳为四个方面：即评估目标定位于自我提高，高度重视内部评估；外部评估专家的选择与构成合理；以院系或学科为评估对象具有多重优势；评估结果的执行与落实措施有力。

Germany＇s System of Higher Education Evaluation and Its Features

With the popularization, internationalization and diversification of higher education, crisis has occurred in Germany＇ s higher education and the operation pattern which once worked well has been challenged by many parties. In order to meet the challenges, Germany established a distinctive system of higher education evaluation in 1990s after making prudent observations, much research and tests on a small scale. This paper first introduces the aim, the organization, the content and the procedures of Germany＇ s higher education evaluation. Then, it analyzes some important enlightening measures, and summarizes the features of the evaluation as follows： setting self-improvement as the purpose of the evaluation, attaching much importance to the internal evaluation, making a reasonable choice of external evaluation specialists, choosing a college, a department or a discipline as the object of the evaluation, and being active in taking measures to initiate improvements according to the evaluation results.